Isothermal Process
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For an ideal gas in an isothermal process, enthalpy:
Explanation: Enthalpy (h = u + Pv) depends on temperature for ideal gases, so it’s constant in isothermal processes. Internal energy and PV terms balance out.
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Isothermal processes are significant in:
Explanation: Isothermal processes are key in idealized heat engine cycles like the Carnot cycle. Turbines, nozzles, and rigid tanks involve other processes like adiabatic.
3 / 10
In an isothermal compression of an ideal gas:
Explanation: Compression requires work input, and to maintain constant temperature, heat is rejected (Q = W). This balances the First Law with ΔU = 0.
4 / 10
An isothermal process is best represented by:
Explanation: On a PV diagram, isothermal processes follow PV = constant (hyperbola) for ideal gases. Adiabatic curves are steeper; linear/parabolic don’t apply.
5 / 10
The work done in an isothermal process depends on:
Explanation: Work in isothermal processes (W = nRT ln(V₂/V₁)) is driven by volume change. Constant temperature and zero ΔU shift focus to volume ratios.
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For an ideal gas undergoing isothermal expansion:
Explanation: In isothermal expansion, volume increases, and by the ideal gas law (PV = nRT), pressure decreases at constant temperature. Temperature remains unchanged.
7 / 10
Isothermal processes are typically analyzed in:
Explanation: Piston-cylinders allow volume changes, enabling work and heat transfer in isothermal processes. Rigid containers or insulated systems limit such interactions.
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In an isothermal process, heat added is equal to:
Explanation: For ideal gases, ΔU = 0, so by the First Law (ΔU = Q – W), Q = W. Heat input fully converts to work output in isothermal processes.
9 / 10
For an ideal gas in an isothermal process, internal energy:
Explanation: Internal energy of an ideal gas depends only on temperature, so ΔU = 0 in isothermal processes. Heat and work exchanges cancel out to maintain this.
10 / 10
An isothermal process occurs at:
Explanation: Isothermal processes maintain constant temperature, with heat and work balancing energy changes. Other properties like pressure or volume may vary, unlike isobaric or isochoric processes.
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