Fluid Kinematics Dive into the world of moving fluids! This section of the Fluid Mechanics Quiz helps you explore how liquids flow, accelerate, and interact in motion. From streamlines to Reynolds number, test your grasp on the principles that keep water running smoothly through pipes and air flowing over wings.Perfect for students who want to strengthen basics while having fun with real-world concepts of motion and flow. 1 / 20 The streamline and equipotential lines Intersect at random angles Are parallel Coincide Are always perpendicular to each other Streamlines show flow direction; equipotential lines show constant potential — hence, they intersect orthogonally. 2 / 20 The continuity equation is derived from Law of conservation of mass Law of conservation of energy Bernoulli’s equation Pascal’s law Continuity ensures that mass flow rate into a control volume equals mass flow rate out. 3 / 20 The velocity at a stagnation point is Zero Maximum Equal to free stream velocity Infinity At stagnation points, kinetic energy converts fully into pressure energy — velocity becomes zero. 4 / 20 The unit of discharge is m²/s m/s kg/s m³/s Discharge or flow rate measures volume of fluid passing per second — hence cubic meter per second. 5 / 20 If velocity potential φ and stream function ψ satisfy Laplace equation, the flow is Rotational Compressible Irrotational and incompressible Steady If both satisfy Laplace’s equation, it indicates potential flow that is both irrotational and incompressible. 6 / 20 Stream function exists for Compressible flow Steady flow only Irrotational flow only Incompressible flow Stream function is defined for 2D incompressible flow; its contours represent streamlines. 7 / 20 Turbulent flow occurs when Reynolds number > 4000 Reynolds number < 2000 Velocity is very low Pressure is constant When inertial forces dominate over viscous forces, flow becomes chaotic — that’s turbulence. 8 / 20 The type of flow in which adjacent layers of fluid glide smoothly over one another is Laminar flow Turbulent flow Steady flow Unsteady flow In laminar flow, there’s no mixing between layers — they move in smooth, orderly paths. 9 / 20 The path traced by a fluid particle over a period of time is known as Path line Streamline Streak line Timeline Pathline represents the actual trajectory that a single particle follows in motion. 10 / 20 In a rotational flow, the velocity potential Exists everywhere Is equal to stream function Is constant Does not exist Velocity potential is valid only for irrotational flows — rotational flows do not satisfy its conditions. 11 / 20 The flow in which velocity at a point changes with time is called Unsteady flow Steady flow Uniform flow Laminar flow In unsteady flow, the fluid velocity or other properties change over time at a fixed point. 12 / 20 The flow in a pipe is said to be laminar if Reynolds number is Less than 2000 Between 2000 and 4000 More than 4000 Exactly 4000 Laminar flow occurs when viscous forces dominate, keeping fluid layers smooth and parallel. 13 / 20 Stream function remains constant along A pathline An equipotential line A vortex line A streamline The stream function defines streamlines — its constant value represents a streamline. 14 / 20 The velocity potential function is applicable for Turbulent flow Irrotational flow Rotational flow Laminar flow Velocity potential exists only for irrotational flows, where fluid elements do not rotate about their axis. 15 / 20 The equation of continuity for an incompressible fluid is A₁V₁ = A₂V₂ A₁/V₁ = A₂/V₂ A₁V₁² = A₂V₂² A₁V₁ + A₂V₂ = 0 For incompressible flow, the product of area and velocity remains constant throughout the flow. 16 / 20 The continuity equation is based on the principle of Conservation of energy Conservation of momentum Conservation of volume Conservation of mass The continuity equation ensures the mass entering and leaving a control volume remains equal. 17 / 20 Flow in which the velocity is same at every point in a given section is called Uniform flow Non-uniform flow Steady flow Laminar flow In uniform flow, velocity magnitude and direction remain same along the length of flow. 18 / 20 If the velocity at a point in a fluid does not change with time, the flow is Uniform Non-uniform Steady Unsteady Steady flow means fluid properties like velocity remain constant with respect to time at a given point. 19 / 20 A streamline is a line Perpendicular to the velocity vector Tangent to the velocity vector at every point Parallel to the pressure gradient Coinciding with the flow path only at the inlet In steady flow, streamlines show the direction of fluid particles at every point in time. 20 / 20 The branch of fluid mechanics which deals with the motion of fluids without considering the forces causing motion is called Kinematics Hydraulics Dynamics Statics Fluid kinematics focuses only on describing motion — velocity, acceleration, and flow type — not the forces behind them. 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