Adiabatic Process
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An example of a real-world adiabatic process is:
 Explanation: Rapid compression in a tire pump is nearly adiabatic due to minimal heat transfer. Boiling, heating, and cooling involve significant heat exchange.
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For an ideal gas in an adiabatic process, enthalpy:
 Explanation: Enthalpy (h = u + Pv) changes with temperature and pressure variations in adiabatic processes. It’s not inherently constant, unlike isothermal ideal gas enthalpy.
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The slope of an adiabatic curve on a PV diagram is:
 Explanation: Adiabatic curves (PV^γ = constant) are steeper due to γ > 1, compared to isothermal (PV = constant). They aren’t linear or flatter.
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Adiabatic processes are significant in:
Explanation: Turbines often assume adiabatic conditions for rapid expansion/compression. Boilers, condensers, and evaporators involve heat transfer, not adiabatic processes.
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In an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas:
 Explanation: Work done on the gas increases internal energy, raising temperature. Work is done on the system; pressure rises, and internal energy increases.
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The relation PV^γ = constant applies to:
 Explanation: For ideal gases, PV^γ = constant (γ = cp/cv) governs adiabatic processes. Isothermal uses PV = constant; isobaric and isochoric have different relations.
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Adiabatic processes are typically modeled in:
 Explanation: Piston-cylinders allow volume changes and work in adiabatic processes, often insulated. Heat exchangers involve heat; rigid containers limit work.
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In an adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas:
Explanation: Expansion work reduces internal energy, lowering temperature in adiabatic processes. Constant temperature is isothermal; compression increases temperature.
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For an ideal gas in an adiabatic process, the First Law implies:
 Explanation: With Q = 0, the First Law (ΔU = Q – W) becomes ΔU = -W, so internal energy changes due to work. Heat or combined terms don’t apply.
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An adiabatic process is characterized by:
Explanation: Adiabatic processes have no heat exchange (Q = 0), often due to insulation or rapid changes. Temperature, pressure, or work may vary, unlike isothermal or isobaric processes.
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